Lithium iron phosphate battery is a branch of lithium ion battery along with lithium manganate, lithium cobaltate and ternary lithium battery. Its performance is mainly suitable for power applications, which is called lithium iron phosphate power battery at this time.
Therefore, the advantage of lithium iron phosphate battery mainly refers to its comparison with other batteries in power applications. In this sense, it will mainly compare its relative advantages with ternary lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries.
Ⅰ. The advantages of high temperature resistance of lithium iron phosphate batteries compared with ternary lithium batteries
The lithium iron phosphate battery has better high temperature performance and can withstand high temperatures from 350°C to 500°C, while lithium manganate/lithium cobaltate is usually only about 200°C, and the material of the modified ternary lithium battery also roughly decomposes at 200°C.
Ⅱ. The absolute long-life advantage of lithium iron phosphate batteries
The cycle life of lithium iron phosphate UPS is longer than that of lead-acid batteries and ternary lithium batteries. The “long life” of lead-acid batteries is only about 300 times, and the maximum is 500 times;
The ternary lithium battery can theoretically reach 2000 times, and the actual capacity will decay to 60% after about 1000 times; while the real life of the lithium iron phosphate battery reaches 2000 times, and there is still 95% of the capacity at this time, and its concept cycle life is even longer. more than 3000 times.
Ⅲ. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have many advantages over lead-acid batteries
1. Large capacity
The monomer can be made into 5Ah~1000Ah (1Ah=1000mAh), while the lead-acid battery 2V monomer is usually 100Ah~150Ah, and the variation range is small.
2. Light weight
The volume of the lithium iron phosphate battery of the same capacity is 2/3 of the volume of the lead-acid battery, and the weight is 1/3 of the latter.
3. Strong fast charging capability
The starting current of lithium iron phosphate battery can reach 2C, which can realize high power charging; the current requirement of lead-acid battery is generally between 0.1C and 0.2C, which cannot achieve fast charging performance.
4. Environmental protection
Lead-acid batteries contain a large amount of heavy metals – lead, which produces waste liquid, while lithium iron phosphate batteries do not contain any heavy metals, and lithium iron phosphate batteries are pollution-free in production and use.
5. High cost performance
Although lead-acid batteries are cheaper than lithium iron phosphate batteries because of their cheap materials, the purchase cost is lower than that of lithium iron phosphate batteries, but they are less economical than lithium iron phosphate batteries in terms of service life and routine maintenance. The practical application results show that the cost performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries is more than 4 times that of lead-acid batteries.
Although the application range of lithium iron phosphate battery is mainly in the direction of power, it can also be extended to more fields in theory, which is determined by the various advantages shown in the above comparison.
If some improvements are made in terms of energy density and discharge rate, it is entirely possible for lithium iron phosphate batteries to enter the traditional application fields of other types of lithium batteries.